COVID-19 vaccine

COVID-19 vaccination doses administered per 100 people, as of 1 March 2021

Map of countries by approval status

  Approved for general use, mass vaccination underway

  EUA (or equivalent) granted, mass vaccination underway

  EUA granted, limited vaccination

  Approved for general use, mass vaccination planned

  EUA granted, mass vaccination planned

  EUA pending

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COVID-19 Portal
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A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, there was established body of knowledge about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which enabled accelerated development of various vaccine technologies during early 2020.^[1] On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data was shared through GISAID, and by 19 March, the global pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to address COVID-19.^[2]

As of February 2021^[update], 66 vaccine candidates are in clinical research, including 17 in Phase I trials, 23 in Phase I–II trials, 6 in Phase II trials, and 20 in Phase III trials.^[3] Trials for four other candidates were terminated.^[3] In Phase III trials, several COVID‑19 vaccines demonstrate efficacy as high as 95% in preventing symptomatic COVID‑19 infections. As of February 2021^[update], eleven vaccines are authorized by at least one national regulatory authority for public use: two RNA vaccines (the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine and the Moderna vaccine), four conventional inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV, Covaxin, CoronaVac, and CoviVac), four viral vector vaccines (Sputnik V, the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine, Convidicea, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine), and one peptide vaccine (EpiVacCorona).^[3]

Many countries have implemented phased distribution plans that prioritize those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers.^[4] As of 5 March 2021^[update], 291.93 million doses of COVID‑19 vaccine have been administered worldwide based on official reports from national health agencies.^[5] AstraZeneca-Oxford anticipates producing 3 billion doses in 2021, Pfizer-BioNTech 1.3 billion doses, and Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Sinovac, and Johnson & Johnson 1 billion doses each. Moderna targets producing 600 million doses and Convidicea 500 million doses in 2021.^[6][7] By December 2020, more than 10 billion vaccine doses had been preordered by countries,^[8] with about half of the doses purchased by high-income countries comprising 14% of the world's population.^[9]